Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia Tepung Cangkang Kijing Lokal (Pilsbryoconcha exilis)

Local mussel (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) is one aquatic commodity that has high enough potential. Mussel shell is solid waste that has not been used optimally. The purpose of this research is to study the physical and chemical characteristics shells and mussel shell flour with the different of size and body length. The observed parameters include the physical characteristics of shells, yield, chitin, flour yield, degree of white, proximate contents, pH, minerals and mineral solubility determination of mussel shell flour. Mussel obtained from waters Situ Gede has length between 72-103 mm, 31-47 mm high and 13-34 mm thick. Mussel shells in all size contained chitin ranging from 0,72% to 0,75%. Mussel shell flour measuring < 90 mm 20% larger than the size of mussel ≥ 90 mm. Mussel shell flour measuring < 90 mm has a value of 5% degrees whiter than white shell size ≥ 90 mm. Shell flour has a water content between 1,19-1,2%, 93,14-93,34% of ash, 1,85-2,31% of protein, 0,66-0,72% of fat, carbohydrate by difference 2,62-2,94% with a pH range of 8,5-8,9. Mussel shell flour has a mineral content, respectively from the largest which are calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The calcium and phosphorus mussels flour shell has an optimal value for solubility at pH 2. Mussel shells contained chitin ranged from 0,72% to 0,75%. Mussel shell size difference gave a significantly different effect on the physical characteristics of the mussel shell flour produced but did not influence significantly different to the chemical characteristics of the mussel shell flour produced

Karakteristik Sediaan Garam Ulva lactuca dari Perairan Sekotong Nusa Tenggara Barat bagi Pasien Hipertensi

Rumput laut hijau menghasilkan berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bidang industri farmaseutika, biomedika dan nutraseutika.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik dan aktivitas antioksidan garam rumput laut hijau sebagai sediaan garam bagi pasien hipertensi.Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan perbedaan suhu (40,55 dan 70°C) dan waktu (10 dan 30 menit) pembuatan garamdengan ulangansebanyak 3 kali.Analisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah:aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH, FRAP dan CUPRAC, kandungan mineral, kadar NaCl, rendemen dan residu logam berat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara waktu dan suhu tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada taraf(p&lt;0,05) terhadap rendemen garam rumput laut, namun berpengaruh nyata pada rasio Na:K dan kadar NaCl. Residu logam berat pada bahan baku dapat diturunkan lebih dari 95%. Aktivitas antioksidangaram rumput laut dengan metode FRAP 122,50-130,69 µmol troloks/g dan CUPRAC20,12-26,09 µmol troloks/g.Garam rumput laut terbaik sebagai sediaan garam antihipertensi adalah perlakuan suhu 40°C waktu 10 menit dengan rasio Na:K 2,95.<br /

Antioxidant Activities of Various Brown Seaweeds from Seribu Islands

Brown seaweeds contain various metabolites (carotenoids, laminarin, alginate, fucoidan, mannitol, and phlorotannin) as anticancer substances, antioxidants and chemopreventive agent against degenerative diseases. This research was aimed to determine the chemical properties and antioxidants activity of Sargassum polycystum, Padina minor and Turbinaria conoides. This research consisted of the proximate analysis, crude fiber, minerals, heavy metals, extraction, phytochemicals, analysis phenolic compound and antioxidant activity with DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC methods. The results showed moisture content of S. polycystum, P.  minor, and T. conoides 24-31%, fat 0.23-0,47%, protein 3-4%, ash 27-45%, carbohydrate 26-38% and crude fiber 2-6%. Mineral Fe S. polycystum, P.minor and T.conoides about 0.03 g/kg to 0.39 g/kg, Ca 11.28 g/kg to 27.98 g/kg, K 13.86 g/kg to 41.15 g/kg, Na 16.31 g/kg to 20.51 g/kg and Mg 8.04 g/ kg to 18.68 g/kg. The range of heavy metals Pb S. polycystum, P.  m i n o r  and T. conoides 3.48 mg/kg to 12.68 mg/kg, Hg 0.24 mg/kg to 0.53 mg/kg and Cu 5.66 mg/kg to 7.02 mg/kg. Ethanol extract of S. polycystum, P. minor, and T. conoides contains alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Total phenolic compounds of brown seaweeds ranged from 3758.97-8287.18 mg GAE/g. Brown seaweeds contain DPPH antioxidant activities within IC50 values of 1.9-9.6 mg/mL, FRAP 70.643-105.357 µmol Trolox/g and CUPRAC 85.268-201 µmol Trolox/g

AUTENTIKASI TUNA STEAK KOMERSIAL DENGAN METODE PCR-SEQUENCING

Tuna is one of the shery commodities which are susceptible to mislabeling and substituted with similarspecies, but lower price. Consumer as a purchaser will incur a loss (economical fraud) so it is needed a way toovercome these problems. This study aimed to optimized extraction of DNA obtained from the tuna and tunaexporter companies of modern markets, identi cation of DNA-based species-speci c primers with a target genecyt b, and characterization of DNA tuna authentication results. This study consisted of several steps beginning with the characterization of tuna, DNA extraction using CTAB method and Vivantis kit, ampli cation by PCR, electrophoresis, and nucleotide sequencing. The samples tested were successfully extracted and ampli ed with the appropriate size of 750 base pairs. PCR sequencing using cyt b gene targets resulted in the identi cation of tuna raw material. PCR sequencing of the nucleotide sequence of results which have been tted to the NCBI data, which does not show any fraud in the form of substitution with other species. Species of yellow n (Thunnus albacore), Albacore (Thunnus alalunga), big eye (Thunnus obesus) and blue n (Thunnus macoyyi) has the highest homology i.e 99%, 99%, 99%, 100%, respectively.Keywords: authentication, cyt b, mt-DNA, PCR, tuna&rsquo;s steak

Nutrient Composition of Eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor and Anguilla marmorata

Eel (Anguilla sp.) is a highly nutritious Indonesian marine commodity. However, information on the eel nutrient content in Indonesia is still limited. This study was aimed to determine chemical properties of Indonesian eels,Anguilla bicolor bicolor and A. marmorata. Proximate, amino acid, fatty acid, and vitamin A analysis were carried out on the fresh eel. The A. bicolor bicolor  ontained 65.51% of moisture, 1.34% of ash, 16.78% of protein, 13.26% of fat, and 3.1% of carbohydrate. Meanwhile, results on A. marmorata showed it contained 57.17% of moisture, 1.09% of ash, 17.30% of protein, 21.35% of fat, and 3.12% of carbohydrate. Leucine and glutamic acid represented the highest essential and non-essential amino acid of both A. bicolor bicolor and A. marmorata, respectively. The highest saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid were palmitate and oleic acid for A. bicolor bicolor as well as A. marmorata. The content of vitamins in A. marmorata was higher than in A. bicolor bicolor

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KOMPONEN BIOAKTIF KEONG IPONG-IPONG (Fasciolaria salmo)

Ipong-ipong snail (Fasciolaria salmo) is one of sea water gastropods that have not been utilized optimally. People believe that the snail has the ef cacies for increasing stamina and vitality. However, scienti c data supporting the ef cacy of this snail has not been elucidated yet. The purposes of this research was determined the yield, chemical content (water, protein, fat, ash, acid insoluble ash and carbohydrates), bioactive components and antioxidant activity. The yield of shells, meat, and viscera were 69.69%, 22.08% and 8.22%, respectively. Watercontent, protein, fat, ash, acid insoluble ash and carbohydrates were 73.075%, 18.28%, 0.575%, 2.77%, 0.15% and 5.2%, respecitevely. Six bioactive components were detected i.e alkaloids, steroids, reducing sugars, carbohydrates, peptides and amino acids. Antioxidant activity using DPPH method obtained the result IC50 of the meat extract with chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent were 9210 ppm, 6825 ppm, 1513.8 ppm, respectively. Meanwhile for viscera extract were. 2825 ppm, 4600 ppm and 994,47 ppm, respectively.Keywords: antioxidants, bioactives, Fasciolaria salmo, proximate, yield

Kualitas ikan tongkol abu-abu (Thunnus tonggol) pada kondisi penyimpanan berbeda

Low temperatures could inhibit bacteria producing histamine during fish handling process. Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) is kept in ice starting from catching process until delivering to retail market to maintain quality of fish. However, long period of this storage causes growth of bacteria and deformation of histidine into histamine. This study was aimed to determine the effect of different storage conditions to the quality of longtail tuna through sensory and histamine test. Samples of longtail tuna were kept for 18 days in room temperature storage (28±2°C), cold temperature (0±3°C) and freezing temperature (-10±4°C). The quality of tuna was evaluated using Quality Index Method (QIM). The formation of histamine was analysed on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 14, 18 using spectrofluorometry method. Sensory acceptability limit at room temperature was one day, while cold storage reached 10 days with QIM score&nbsp; 11. Longtail tuna was spoiled on day 2 at room temperature with QIM score &gt;12 and concentration of histamin at 1713.88 mg/kg. The results of histamine in frozen and cold storage on the 18th day were 59.99 mg/kg and 77.98 mg/kg, these results exceeded the FDA limit (50 mg/kg) but still below the limit of FAO (100 mg/kg).The best storage condition is frozen storage, maintaining sensory acceptability and preventing histamine formation

AMINO ACID PROFILE AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF SEAHORSE Hippocampus comes

Seahorse is one of the marine living  resources usually used as ornamental fish, traditional medicinal materials, and souvenirs. The purpose of the study was to determine the proximate composition of wet and dry seahorses, determine the profile of amino acid hydrolyzate and powder of seahorses, and determines to content of bioactive compounds from the ethanol extract of seahorses on qualitatively. The sample of this study is seahorses obtained from nature. Prviously, seahorses were morphometric identified, subsequently, seahorses were made of the powder, hydrolyzate, and ethanol extract. Several analyzes used were qualitative analysis of proximate, amino acid, and phytochemical analysis. Morphometric identification results indicate that the type is Hippocampus comes. The proximate composition is water content is 66.16 ± 0.33% (wet) and 10.33 ± 0.16% (dry), ash content of 9.55 ± 0.15% (wet) and 9.65 ± 0.16% (dry), lipid content 1.18 ± 0.23% (wet) and 4.89 ± 0.37% (dry), protein content of 22.73 ± 0.17% (wet) and 69.83 ± 0.31% (dry), carbohydrate 0.39 ± 0.23 (wet) and 5.50 ± 0.34 (dry). The amino acid composition both on hydrolyzate and powder comprising 9 essential amino acids are lysine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalaline, valine, methionine, histidine, arginine, and threonine and 6 non essential amino acids are tyrosine, alanine, glycine, serine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. The results of identification of bioactive compounds is flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and phenol of hydroquinone. Keywords: Hippocampus comes, proximate analysis, amino acid, and bioactive compound

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Agar Bacto with Addition Of Chitosan

Agar adalah bentuk koloid dari suatu polisakarida kompleks yang diekstrak dari beberapa kelompok alga merah (Rhodophyceae). Salah satu pemanfaatan dari agar adalah sebagai media untuk pertumbuhan mikroba. Agar bakto adalah salah satu medium kultur yang digunakan untuk membantu menggelifikasi berbagai jenis larutan medium atau larutan kaldu (broth). Penambahan kitosan sebagai absorben pada proses pemurnian agar diharapkan dapat menghasilkan agar yang murni (refine agar) yang dapat digunakan untuk agar bakto sebagai media pertumbuhan mikroba. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memodifikasi berbagai konsentrasi kitosan dan waktu proses absorbsi dalam pembuatan agar bakto sebagai media pertumbuhan mikroba. Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua tahap, yang pertama adalah tahapan proses isolasi kitin dan deasetilasi kitin menjadi kitosan dan penelitian utama yang dilakukan yaitu pembuatan agar bakto dengan menambahkan berbagai konsentrasi kitosan (0,5%, 1%, 1,5%) sebagai absorben terhadap agar yang dihasilkan dari Gracilaria sp. dan agar batang. Perlakuan kedua yang diberikan yaitu waktu proses absorbsi setelah dilakukan penambahan kitosan. Proses absorbsi yang dipilih 0 menit, 15 menit, 30 menit, dan 45 menit. Kombinasi perlakuan paling optimum untuk agar bakto berbahan baku Gracilaria sp. adalah pada konsentrasi kitosan 1% dengan lama pemanasan lanjutan ekstraksi selama 45 menit. Kombinasi perlakuan paling optimum untuk agar bakto berbahan baku agar batang adalah pada konsentrasi kitosan 0,5% dengan tanpa pemanasan lanjutan.Kata kunci: agar bakto, Gracilaria sp. , kitosa